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CentOS 8.1 KVM网桥的配置

| Kvm •
字数总计 10135 | 阅读时长 25分钟 | 阅读量 917

KVM的默认网络模式为NAT，借助宿主机模式上网，现在我们来改成桥接模式，这样外界就可以直接和宿主机里的虚拟机通讯了。

Bridge方式即虚拟网桥的网络连接方式，是客户机和子网里面的机器能够互相通信。可以使虚拟机成为网络中具有独立IP的主机。

桥接网络（也叫物理设备共享）被用作把一个物理设备复制到一台虚拟机。网桥多用作高级设置，特别是主机多个网络接口的情况。

KVM网桥模式配置方法如下：

1、查看当前网络信息，其中有两个网卡ens192与ens224

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens192: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.63  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::747e:5788:2a5f:e73f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:52:cb:5d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 167  bytes 17983 (17.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 12  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 138  bytes 22400 (21.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens224: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.73  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::a83b:8933:2e89:c608  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:52:cb:67  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 40  bytes 4737 (4.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 9  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 26  bytes 3642 (3.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 60  bytes 5100 (4.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 60  bytes 5100 (4.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:3b:74:41  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0


[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection   #查看当前网络连接命令
NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens192  588802b6-38a5-4d25-927f-753d0509a07d  ethernet  ens192 
ens224  262c71ec-2435-4ad8-8f3f-42a37ddaac7f  ethernet  ens224 
virbr0  02ba45ae-ec2a-4519-a211-08f478ad5a5f  bridge    virbr0

2、新建网桥，命名为：br0

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add type bridge con-name br0 ifname br0 autoconnect yes
Connection 'br0' (c632af1f-4c0e-4b4f-8a1c-375947ec963b) successfully added.     #执行成功提示信息

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection   #查看新建网桥后连接信息
NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
br0     c632af1f-4c0e-4b4f-8a1c-375947ec963b  bridge    br0    
ens192  588802b6-38a5-4d25-927f-753d0509a07d  ethernet  ens192 
ens224  262c71ec-2435-4ad8-8f3f-42a37ddaac7f  ethernet  ens224 
virbr0  02ba45ae-ec2a-4519-a211-08f478ad5a5f  bridge    virbr0 
[root@localhost ~]#

3、网桥br0桥接至网卡ens224

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add type bridge-slave ifname ens224 master br0
Connection 'bridge-slave-ens224' (79d21e5f-dee3-438d-809d-2c0ad73455be) successfully added.    #执行成功提示信息

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 311 Apr 19 18:05 ifcfg-br0
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 117 Apr 19 18:10 ifcfg-bridge-slave-ens224    #自动新增的文件
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 312 Apr 19 17:16 ifcfg-ens192
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 282 Apr 19 17:22 ifcfg-ens224

[root@localhost network-scripts]#  cat ./ifcfg-bridge-slave-ens224    #查看新增文件内容
TYPE=Ethernet
NAME=bridge-slave-ens224
UUID=79d21e5f-dee3-438d-809d-2c0ad73455be
DEVICE=ens224
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@localhost /]# 

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection    #查看当时网络信息，可见新建网桥未启用
NAME                 UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
br0                  c632af1f-4c0e-4b4f-8a1c-375947ec963b  bridge    br0    
ens192               588802b6-38a5-4d25-927f-753d0509a07d  ethernet  ens192 
ens224               262c71ec-2435-4ad8-8f3f-42a37ddaac7f  ethernet  ens224 
virbr0               02ba45ae-ec2a-4519-a211-08f478ad5a5f  bridge    virbr0 
bridge-slave-ens224  79d21e5f-dee3-438d-809d-2c0ad73455be  ethernet  --

4、关闭ens224网卡，打开新建br0​​​​网桥

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection down ens224
Connection 'ens224' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
[root@localhost ~]# 


[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up br0
Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7)
[root@localhost ~]# 


[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection   #查看连接（可见新建网桥已经生效）
NAME                 UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens192               588802b6-38a5-4d25-927f-753d0509a07d  ethernet  ens192 
br0                  c632af1f-4c0e-4b4f-8a1c-375947ec963b  bridge    br0    
virbr0               02ba45ae-ec2a-4519-a211-08f478ad5a5f  bridge    virbr0 
bridge-slave-ens224  79d21e5f-dee3-438d-809d-2c0ad73455be  ethernet  ens224 
ens224               262c71ec-2435-4ad8-8f3f-42a37ddaac7f  ethernet  --

5、查看当前网络信息，新建网桥已经可以使用了。

[root@localhost /]# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.73  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::4700:2f44:285a:c3bc  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:52:cb:67  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 93  bytes 5451 (5.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 45  bytes 7008 (6.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens192: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.63  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::747e:5788:2a5f:e73f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:52:cb:5d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1695  bytes 176367 (172.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 12  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1243  bytes 201043 (196.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens224: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:52:cb:67  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 402  bytes 30670 (29.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 9  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 154  bytes 15195 (14.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 144  bytes 12240 (11.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 144  bytes 12240 (11.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:3b:74:41  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

至此，KVM的网桥已经可以使用了，在新建KVM虚拟机是网络选择br0桥接模式即可，如不再使用网桥，可关闭，再重新打开ens224即可。

文章作者： 阳光•雨
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Kvm KVM网桥配置
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